Análisis de las estrategias promocionales en Facebook de los diarios tradicionales y nativos digitales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18568/cmc.v19i56.2610Palavras-chave:
Facebook, sensacionalismo, valores noticiosos, temas, diariosResumo
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las estrategias de los principales diarios españoles en Facebook prestando atención a la temática, los valores noticiosos y el sensacionalismo utilizados. El estudio se basa en un análisis de contenido cuantitativo (n = 2.821) de los contenidos en Facebook publicados por tres diarios tradicionales (El País, El Mundo y La Vanguardia) y tres nativos digitales (El Confidencial, El Diario y El Español). Entre los resultados obtenidos, destaca que los contenidos sobre sucesos y tribunales son los más frecuentes y la proximidad, el valor noticioso más recurrente en ambos tipos de diarios. En cuanto a las prácticas sensacionalistas, los nativos digitales utilizan más el texto apelativo y el clickbait.
Downloads
Referências
AL-RAWI, A. News values on social media: News organizations’ Facebook use. Journal¬ism, Thousand Oaks, v. 18, n. 7, p. 871-889, 2017.
AL-RAWI. A. Viral News on Social Media. Digital Journalism, Londres, v. 7, n. 1, p. 63-79, 2019.
ALMGREN, S. M. Undoing Churnalism? Users sharing local news on Facebook. Digi¬tal Journalism, Londres, v. 5, n. 8, p. 1060-1079, 2017.
ARRESE, Á.; KAUFMANN, J. Legacy and Native News Brands Online: Do They Show Different News Consumption Patterns? International Journal on Media Management, v. 18, n. 2, p. 75-97, 2016.
BAZACO, A.; REDONDO, M.; SÁNCHEZ-GARCÍA, P. El clickbait como estrategia del periodismo viral: concepto y metodología. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, v. 74, p. 94-115, 2019.
BEDNAREK, M. Investigating evaluation and news values in news items that are shared through social media. Corpora, v. 11, n. 2, p. 227-257, 2016.
BEDNAREK, M.; CAPLE, H. ‘Value added’: Language, image and news values. Dis¬course, Context & Media, v. 1, n. 2, p. 103-113, 2012. AL-RAWI, A. News values on social media: News organizations’ Facebook use. Journal¬ism, Thousand Oaks, v. 18, n. 7, p. 871-889, 2017.
BERGER, J; MILKMAN, K. Social transmission, emotion, and the virality of online content. Wharton research paper, v. 106, p. 1-52, 2010.
BLOM, J. N.; HANSEN, K. R. Click bait: Forward-reference as lure in online news headlines. Journal of Pragmatics, v. 76, p. 87-100, 2015.
BRAVO ARAUJO, A.; SERRANO-PUCHE, J.; NOVOA JASO, M.F. Uso del clickbait en los medios nativos digitales españoles. Un análisis de El Confidencial, El Español, el-diario.es y OK Diario. Dígitos. Revista de Comunicación Digital, v. 7, p. 185-210, 2021.
BRIGHT, J. The Social News Gap: How News Reading and News Sharing Diverge. Journal of Communication, v. 66, n. 3, p. 343-365, 2016.
COLUSSI, J.; ROCHA, P.M. Examining the journalistic genres hybridisation in content published by newspapers on Facebook Live. The Journal of International Communica-tion, v. 26, n. 1, p. 20-35, 2020.
COMISIÓN EUROPEA. Standard Eurobarometer 95. Spring. 2021. Disponível em: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2532. Acesso em: 15 jun. 2022.
CORONADO, X. M.; ESTÉVEZ, T. M.; GRANDA, M. E. Media interactivity on Facebook, a pending link for digital newspapers in Ecuador, Colombia and Peru. In: 12TH IBERIAN CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECH-NOLOGIES (CISTI), 2017, Lisboa. Anais… Lisboa, 2017.
COX, J. B. News orgs post more often on Twitter than on Facebook. Newspaper Re-search Journal, v. 37, n. 3, p. 220-234, 2016.
GARCÍA OROSA, B.; GALLUR SANTORUN, S.; LÓPEZ GARCÍA, X. El uso del clickbait en cibermedios de los 28 países de la Unión Europea. Revista Latina de Comu-nicación Social, v. 72, p. 1261-1277, 2017.
GARCÍA-PERDOMO, V.; SALAVERRÍA, R.; KILGO, D.; HARLOW, S. To share or not to share: The influence of news values and topics on popular social media content in the United States, Brazil, and Argentina. Journalism Studies, v. 19, n. 8, p. 1180-1201, 2018.
GARCÍA SERRANO, J.; ROMERO-RODRÍGUEZ, L. M.; HERNANDO GÓMEZ, Á. Análisis del ‘clickbaiting’ en los titulares de la prensa española contemporánea. Estu-dio de caso: Diario ‘El País’ en Facebook. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, v. 25, n. 1, p. 197-212, 2019.
HESTER, J. B.; DOUGALL, E. The efficiency of constructed week sampling for con-tent analysis of online news. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, v. 84, n. 4, p. 811-824, 2007.
KILGO, D. K.; HARLOW, S.; GARCÍA-PERDOMO, V.; SALAVERRÍA, R. A new sensation? An international exploration of sensationalism and social media recommen-dations in online news publications. Journalism, v. 19, n. 11, p. 1497-1516, 2018.
KILGO, D. K.; SINTA, V. Six things you didn’t know about headline writing: Sensation-alistic form in viral news content from traditional and digitally native news organizations. Research Journal of the International Symposium on Online Journalism, v. 6, n. 1, p. 111-130.
LIPPMANN, W. Public Opinion. Londres: Penguin Books, 1946.
LISCHKA, J. A. Logics in social media news making: How social media editors marry the Facebook logic with journalistic standards. Journalism, v. 22, n. 2, p. 430-447, 2021.
MAJÓ-VÁZQUEZ, S.; CARDENAL, A. S.; SEGARRA, O.; DE SIMÓN, P. C. Media roles in the online news domain: Authorities and emergent audience brokers. Media and Communication, v. 8, n. 2, p. 98-111, 2020.
MÉNDEZ, A.; PALOMO, B.; RIVERA, A. Managing Social Networks in Online-Na¬tive Newsrooms: When Less Means More. Media and Communication , v. 8, n. 2, p. 124-134, 2020.
NEGREDO, S.; MARTÍNEZ-COSTA, M. P.; BREINER, J.; SALAVERRÍA, R. Jour¬nalism Expands in Spite of the Crisis: Digital-Native News Media in Spain. Media and Communication, v. 8, n. 2, p. 73-85, 2020.
NELSON, J. L. The enduring popularity of legacy journalism: An analysis of online audience data. Media and Communication, v. 8, n. 2, p. 40-50, 2020.
O’DONOVAN, C. We’re Still Babies at It’: BuzzFeed Video’s Strategy Relies on Identi¬ty, Emotion, and Sharing Content as Communication. NiemanLab, Cambridge, 30 out. 2013. Disponível em: https://www.niemanlab.org/2013/10/were-still-babies-at-it-buzz¬feed-videos-strategy-relies-on-identity-emotion-and-sharing-content-as-communication/. Acceso em: 10 nov. 2021.
O’NEILL, D.; HARCUP, T. News Values and Selectivity. In: WAHL-JORGENSEN, K.; HANITZSCH, T. (Eds.). The handbook of Journalism Studies. Londres: Routledge, 2009. p. 161-174.
TEJEDOR, S.; PLA PABLOS, A. Análisis del modelo de ingresos en medios nativos digitales de carácter alternativo de España. Revista de Comunicación, v. 19, n. 1, p. 275- 295, 2020.
PÉREZ DÍAZ, P. L.; ZAMORA MEDINA, R.; ARROYAS LANGA, E. Between self-reg¬ulation and participatory monitoring: Comparing digital news media accountability practices in Spain. Media and Communication, v. 8, n. 2, p. 112-123, 2020.
POTTHAST. M.; KÖPSEL, S.; STEIN, B.; HAGEN, M. Clickbait Detection. In: FER¬RO, N. e_t_ _a_l_. (Eds.). Advances in Information Retrieval. ECIR 2016. Lecture in Computer Science. Nova York: Springer, 2016. p. 810-817.
RONY, M. M. U.; HASSAN, N.; YOUSUF, M. Diving Deep into Clickbaits: Who Use Them to What Extents in Which Topics with What Effects? In: Proceedings of the 2017 Ieee/Acm International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, 2017, Sydney. Anais … Sydney: ACM DIGITAL LIBRARY, 2017. p. 232-239.
RUIGROK, N.; GAGESTEIN, S.; VAN ATTEVELDT, W. Facebook: Vriend of Vijand voor Nieuwsmakers? SVDJ, Haia, 7 set. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.svdj.nl/face¬book-vriend-of-vijand-voor-nieuwsmakers/. Acceso em: 10 nov. 2021.
SEGADO-BOJ, F.; CHAPARRO-DOMÍNGUEZ, M. Á; GONZÁLEZ-AGUILAR, J. M. Diarios españoles en Facebook y engagement: temas, valores noticiosos, sensacio¬nalismo y reacciones emocionales. Estudios sobre el Mensage Periodítico, v. 28, n. 2, p. 417-431, 2022a.
SEGADO-BOJ, F.; MAESTRO-ESPÍNOLA, L.; SAID-HUNG, E. Quién y cómo com¬parte noticias en Facebook: observación de usuarios y análisis de mensajes en jóvenes y jóvenes adultos de España. IC Revista Científica De Información Y Comunicación, v. 18, p. 369-391, 2021.
SEGADO-BOJ, F.; NOGUERA-VIVO, J. M.; HERMIDA, A. Users, content and plat¬forms: A multidimensional approach to the research of news sharing. Communication & Society, v. 35, n. 2, p. 201-203, 2022b.
SCHLESINGER, P. R. The Social Organization of News Production: A Case Study of BBC Radio and Television News. 1975. 393 f. Tese (Doutorado) - London School of Economics and Political Science, Londres, 1975.
SHOEMAKER, P.; REESE, S. D. Mediating the Message in the 21st Century: A Media Sociology Perspective. Londres: Routledge, 2014.
SIERRA SÁNCHEZ, J.; LIBERAL ORMAECHEA, S.; DE VICENTE DOMÍN¬GUEZ, A. Análisis del consumo de medios digitales españoles durante la pandemia del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Historia y Comunicación Social, v. 26, p. 41-51, 2021.
STEINER, M. Soft Presentation of Hard News? A Content Analysis of Political Face¬book Posts. Media and Communication, v. 8, n. 3, p. 244-257, 2020.
STRAUBHAAR, J. D. World television: From global to local. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications, 2007.
SUÁREZ-VILLEGAS, J. C. ICT and journalistic deontology: a comparative analysis between traditional and digital native media. El profesional de la información, v. 24, n. 4, p. 390-395, 2015.
TRILLING, D.; TOLOCHKO, P.; BURSCHER, B. From Newsworthiness to Share¬worthiness: How to Predict News Sharing Based on Article Characteristics. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, v. 94, n. 1, p. 38-60, 2017.
VALENZUELA, S.; PIÑA, M.; RAMÍREZ, J. Behavioral effects of framing on social media users: How conflict, economic, human interest, and morality frames drive news sharing. Journal of Communication, v. 67, n. 5, p. 803-826, 2017.
VARA-MIGUEL, A. Cross-national similarities and differences between legacy and dig¬ital-born news media audiences. Media and Communication, v. 8, n. 2, p. 16-27, 2020.